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Zhang Daqian

Zhang Daqian was one of the best-known and most prodigious Chinese artists of the twentieth century. Originally known as a traditional painting worker, by the 1960's he was also renowned as a modern impressionist and expressionist painter. Chang is regarded as one of the most gifted master forgers of the twentieth century.
What is the life story of Zhang Daqian?

Born in a family of artists in Neijiang, Sichuan Province, China, Zhang Daqian studied textile dyeing techniques in Kyoto, Japan and returned to establish a successful career selling his paintings in Shanghai. His original given name Chuan was later changed to Yuan, while his childhood name Chi was later incorporated into his studio name Chi-yuan. He took the religious name Dai-chien upon becoming a Buddhist monk, and after returning to the laity he called himself Dai-chien chu-shih or "Lay believer Dai-chien."

Zhang Daqian

At the age of 21 he studied under Tseng Hsi and Li Jui-ching. Taking Shih Tao and Pa-ta Shan-jen as his starting point, he tried to copy as many paintings by famous artists of past centuries as he could. Beginning with an impressionistic style and progressing to meticulous brushwork, he developed the ability to move between these techniques. In 1941 he traveled to DunHuang where he spent two years and seven months copying wall paintings. Here he studied traditional coloration and line drawing methods, being particularly moved by the grand scale and complex layout of the high Tang style. The sumptuous splendor of high Tang art inspired him with the desire to create great art.

A staunch supporter of the Kuomintang, he left China in 1948 and moved to Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil, and then to Carmel, California, before finally settling in Taipei, Taiwan. A meeting between Zhang and Picasso in Antibes in 1953 was viewed as a summit between the preeminent masters of Eastern and Western art. The two men exchanged paintings at this meeting.
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How did the painting style of Zhang Daqian form?
As a young man, he meticulously studied and copied the works of ancient masters; he gained notoriety in Shanghai for his forgeries. Zhang extended his career to the north in the late 1920s, when he became active in the cultural circles of Beijing. He began to collaborate with the well-known Beijing painter

Pu Xinyu, and together they became known as “South Zhang and North Pu.” In 1940 Zhang led a group of artists to the caves of Mogao and Yulin for the purpose of copying their Buddhist wall paintings. The group completed over 200 paintings, and the experience left Zhang with a repository of religious imagery. During this period he became particularly known for his lotus paintings, inspired by works from the Tang-Song era. Zhang left China in the early 1950s and traveled throughout the world. He experienced eye problems in the late 1950s, and, as his eyesight deteriorated, he developed his mature splashed-color style. His work in this style fetched the highest market prices for contemporary Chinese paintings at international auctions of the time.

Chang Dai-chien traveled widely in Europe and America, where he came into contact with the contemporary art movement in the West. This spurred a sea change in his methods of painting, and he created unique splashed-ink and splashed-color styles, expanding the potential of plane surfaces and coloration. In his later years, he combined splashed ink and splashed color

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with the masterly texture strokes and liberation of his early years to form a new synthesis. Hovering between concrete and abstract, reveling in freedom and unpredictability, Chang Dai-chien's work created a whole new style of modern Chinese painting.

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